ABSTRACT
Airport emissions have received increased attention because of their impact on atmospheric chemical processes, the microphysical properties of aerosols, and human health. At present, the assessment methods for airport pollution emission mainly involve the use of the aircraft emission database established by the International Civil Aviation Organization, but the emission behavior of an engine installed on an aircraft may differ from that of an engine operated in a testbed. In this study, we describe the development of a long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) instrument for measuring aircraft emissions at an airport. From 15 October to 23 October 2019, a measurement campaign using the LP-DOAS instrument was conducted at Hefei Xinqiao International Airport to investigate the regional concentrations of various trace gases in the airport’s northern area and the variation characteristics of the gas concentrations during an aircraft’s taxiing and take-off phases. The measured light path of the LP-DOAS passed through the aircraft taxiway and the take-off runway concurrently. The aircraft’s take-off produced the maximum peak in NO2 average concentrations of approximately 25 ppbV and SO2 average concentrations of approximately 8 ppbV in measured area. Owing to the airport’s open space, the pollution concentrations decreased rapidly, the overall levels of NO2 and SO2 concentrations in the airport area were very low, and the maximum hourly average NO2 and SO2 concentrations during the observation period were better than the Class 1 ambient air quality standards in China. Additionally, we discovered that the NO2 and SO2 emissions from the Boeing 737–800 aircraft monitored in this experiment were weakly and positively related to the age of the aircraft. This measurement established the security, feasibility, fast and non-contact of the developed LP-DOAS instrument for monitoring airport regional concentrations as well as NO2 and SO2 aircraft emissions during routine airport operations without interfering with the normal operation of the airport.
ABSTRACT
Purpose>The purpose of this paper is to create and analyze the effectiveness of a new runway system, which is totally created for the future free route operations.Design/methodology/approach>This paper researches and analyses the new generated runway concept with the fast time simulation method. Fuel consumption and environmental effect of the new runway system are calculated based on simulation results.Findings>According to different traffic density analyses the Omnidirectional Runway with Infinite Heading (ORIH) reduced fuel consumption and CO2 emissions up to 46.97%. Also the total emissions of the ORIH concept, for the hydro carbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) pollutants were lower than the total emissions with the conventional runway up to 83.13, 74.36 and 51.49%, respectively.Practical implications>Free route airspaces bring many advantages to air traffic management and airline operations. Direct routes become available from airport to airport thanks to free route airspace concept. However, conventional single runway structure does not allow aircraft operations for every direction. The landing and take-off operations of a conventional airport with a single runway must be executed with only two heading direction. This limitation brings a bottleneck direct approach and departure route usage as convenient with free route airspace concept. This paper suggests and analyzes the omnidirectional runway with infinite heading (ORIH) as a solution for free route airspace.Originality/value>This paper suggests a new and futuristic runway design and operation for the free route operations. This paper has its originality from the suggested and newly created runway system.